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1. Grid Connected systems
This is the most popular type of solar PV system
for homes and businesses in the developed world.
Connection to the local electricity network allows
any excess power produced to be sold to the utility.
Electricity is then imported from the network outside
daylight hours.
Inverters are used to convert the direct current
(DC) power generated by a PV array into alternating
current (AC), which is compatible with the local
electricity distribution network. This is essential
for grid-connected PV systems. The inverter also
often includes elements to protect the system against
instability in the grid connection.
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2. Off-Grid (stand alone systems)
Most stand-alone (off-grid) PV systems contain
a battery, commonly of the lead acid type, in
order to store the energy for future use. This
is usually connected to the PV array via a charge
controller. The charge controller protects the
battery from over charge or discharge, and can
also provide information about the state of the
system or enable metering and pre-payment for
the electricity used. If AC output is needed,
an inverter is required to convert the DC power
from the array. Protection equipment and wiring
are also required.
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Renewable Energy Sources 
